EU takes new legal action against UK over post-Brexit deal changes

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The UK government says the Northern Ireland Protocol has disrupted trade between Northern Ireland and Great Britain

The EU has announced new legal action against the UK government over its plans to scrap parts of the post-Brexit deal for Northern Ireland.

Ministers outlined a bill on Monday aimed at unilaterally changing trade, tax and governance arrangements in the 2019 deal.

The treaty was agreed by both sides but the UK says it has disrupted trade and power-sharing in Northern Ireland.

But the EU says overriding parts of the deal would break international law.

European Commission vice-president Maros Sefcovic said there was “no legal or political justification whatsoever for unilaterally changing an international agreement”.

“So let’s call a spade a spade, this is illegal,” Mr Sefcovic said, adding that the UK’s decision “left us with no choice” but to take legal action.

The Northern Ireland Protocol is a special arrangement that keeps Northern Ireland in the EU’s single market for goods, avoiding a hard border with the Republic of Ireland.

The arrangement ensured free trade could continue across the Irish land border, which is a sensitive issue because of the history of conflict in Northern Ireland.

But the protocol brought in some new checks on goods moving between Great Britain and Northern Ireland and has been criticised by unionist politicians.

However, the majority of politicians elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly in last month’s elections support the arrangements.

The European Commission said it would restart legal action – paused in March 2021 – over the UK’s decision to delay checks on certain goods arriving into Northern Ireland from Great Britain.

The Commission also launched two new proceedings over claims the UK has failed in its obligations to share trade data and set up border inspection posts.

These legal steps could eventually lead to the UK being fined under a dispute process overseen by the European Court of Justice (ECJ).

But the dispute process can take months to complete and the Commission has insisted its “door remains open” for talks with the UK to find a resolution.

The UK government says it would prefer to agree changes with the EU, rather than act alone to scrap parts of the protocol.

The government justified its move under a legal principle called the “doctrine of necessity”, insisting the protocol was causing “peril” to society and politics in Northern Ireland.

Earlier this week, Foreign Secretary Liz Truss said the government’s move was “a reasonable, practical solution to the problems facing Northern Ireland” and that the UK could “only make progress through negotiations if the EU are willing to change the protocol itself”.

The issue could come up when Boris Johnson appears in front of MPs for Prime Minister’s Questions shortly.

Earlier Philippe Lamberts, a Belgium member of the European Parliament, told the BBC the protocol changes proposed by the UK were “about political posturing”.

He said patience in Brussels “has been tested to the extreme by Boris Johnson”.

Infringements

In March 2021, the EU launched legal action against the UK for an alleged breach of the protocol.

The infringement proceedings were paused last year but have now been resumed by the EU.

If the UK government does not reply within two months, the EU could take the matter to the ECJ, which has powers to impose penalties.

The EU has also launched two new actions for further alleged breaches of the protocol.

These relate to alleged UK failures to carry out its obligations under the EU’s sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) rules and “provide the EU with certain trade statistics data”.

The actions do not directly relate to the UK’s draft legislation, with the EU reserving the right to take further action if that law ever comes into effect.

“If this draft bill becomes law, of course I cannot exclude anything,” Mr Sefcovic said.

Possible solutions

The EU also gave more detail on its own proposals to ease checks which they say can resolve issues of concern in Northern Ireland.

These include an expanded trusted trader arrangement covering more products and companies and a cut to customs administration.

Mr Sefcovic said the proposals were “all about simplification” and at the news conference, attempted to demonstrate this by holding up three documents.

“These are the three pages that need to be filled. Not 300, not 30, three,” he said.

But the UK has previously rejected the EU’s proposals saying they would make things worse than they are now.

Map of the the UK showing how goods travelling from GB into NI and onward to the Republic of Ireland.
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